A manor was a village/ villages where peasants would live. A manor would also probably have a church. In a manor you would typically find a church, a mill, a castle, and a manor house. A serfs life was hard and difficult because they grew barely enough food. War and disease were common, and most people died at an early age. The social class above the serfs was a noble. . The serfs paid their taxes to their lord
The Advent of Trade and the Growth of Towns
Read page 352 in Our World. Questions: What were the Crusades, and how did they encourage the end of the Middle Ages’ system of economic survival—the manor system? How did the Crusades put Europeans in contact with different cultures, different ideas, and a variety of trade goods? What did people discover they could make a living by doing, instead?
The crusades were a series of wars to take over the holy land. The end of the middle ages system of economic survival was by people because they realised they could live better by trading and that they could get a lot of trading goods like silks and spices.
Read page 156 in A Little History of the World. Questions: Why would money—as opposed to bartering one type of goods for another—have been essential to the growth of trade during the Renaissance?
Money was essential to the growth of trade during the renaissance because when they started using money they ralized that they would not have to trade oxen for sheep, or drinking horns for cloth because they now had the experience to buy all sorts of goods.
Read page 157 in A Little History of the World. Questions: What is a guild?
How might a guild actually promote the trade of goods? Think “quality.” A guild was an association or group of craftsmen. A guild might promote the trade of goods because all the craftsmen can create a n even bigger guild to attract more and more people.
Crafts, Trade, and Banking: The Birth of the Renaissance
Read page 357 in Our World. Questions: Where did the Renaissance begin, and why did it begin in this city? Why did this city become one of the wealthiest in Europe? The renaissance began in a city in northen Italy called Florence, and the renaissance began in this city because traders from florence brought spices and silks to europe from asia and africa. Florence became the richest city in europe because they had workshops that made high quality woolen cloth and other goods.
Read the document from the Internet “Florentine Crafts Subject to Tax (1316)” Questions: How many different crafts were subject to a tax? (List as many different categories of jobs. So, for example, bakers and butchers belong to the category of “Food Preparation.” Hat and capmakers and furriers belong to the category of “Clothing and Appearance.” That’s two “families.” What are the others? ) Question: If you were a merchant who made his living by trade, why would Florence have been an important destination for trade? There were 74 crafts that were subject a tax.Food & Preparation Oil, cheese, and grain merchants; chaff and fodder makers. . Butchers Cobblers. Spicers. Bakers (for bakeovens). Cooks, sellers of tripe, cooked beans, and bean-meal, vegetables, vermicelli, stews, etc. Retail wine merchants, as tax, 2 denarii per pound received from the sale of wine.
Clothing & Appearance Furriers. Linen and yarn merchants Purse makers. Harness and beltmakers. Saddlers. Cloth-folders and finishers of French cloth. Hat and cap makers. Cloth-folders and finishers of Florentine cloth. Spiked helmet, buckle, and clasp makers. Tailors, seamstresses, and menders. Weavers of all kinds. Arte della Lana. [wool] St. Mary's Gate [silk]. Dyers of all kinds. Old clothes and linen dealers. Weaponry Black Smiths. Stonemasons and woodcutters. Goldsmiths and flaskmakers. Fletchers and arrow makers. Crossbow and bow makers. Craftsmen Rough carpenters and manufacturers of saddles for asses and mules. Manufacturers of pack-saddles. Dealers in bedfeathers and matress-makers. Tanners, wholesale and retail. Chest and trunk makers. Coopers, barrel makers, coffin makers, kneading-trough makers. Tallow merchants and catgut makers. Wagon or carriage makers. Manufacturers of iron and wooden shields. Barbers. Bowlmakers, dart makers, turners, spinning-wheel finishers. Painters. Combmakers. Makers and sellers of glass vessels Parchment merchants and bookbinders. Journeymen and apprentices to dealers in merchandise. Smelters and workers at furnaces, coin makers; as well as those who put the gold and silver in the furnaces; also the assayers in all money operations. Packers. Dicemakers. Manufacturers of glass vessels in the district. Bell founders. Wheel makers. Brokers of all kinds. Workers in the marble and sandstone quarries. Basket makers. Workers in the quarry, and sellers of quarry products. Armor smiths and sword smiths. Helmet smiths and brass workers
Professions
Physicians Innkeepers. Greengrocers. Hand porters. Teachers of grammar, arithmetic, reading, and writing. Money changers or bankers. Sewer cleaners and garbage removers. Public weighers. City river fishermen. Millstone makers. Brick and lime burners, and makers of earthen vessels. Lenders of draught mules. Judges and notaries. Town criers. Dealers in used and new locks. Ass drivers, haulers of sand, lime, mortar, paving stone, tiles, slates, stones, and hewn stones. Proprietors of bath rooms. Calimala.
Read the sidebar “box” on page 361 on “The Growth of Banking” in Our World. Questions: How does a bank work? How does a banker make money? Why would trade, tradesman, and merchants need a system of borrowing money? A banker makes money by collecting money and lending money with interest. Trade, tradesman and merchants need a system of borrowing money so that they can buy and sell more goods like cloth and spices. People who trade by ship would need to borrow money because it is expensive to buy or retn a ship and equipment on the ship.
The Telescope
Read Our World page 450. Questions: What important invention did Galileo improve? To which Italian city-state did he sell his invention? Why would sailors have been interested in having this invention? How might this invention have improved shipping and trade? Galileo improved the important invention of the telescope. He sold it to the navy of Venice. This invention improved shipping and trade, because the navy could use the telescope to look for enemy ships, friendly ships, or where they wanted to land.
The Printing Press
Read the “Exploring Technology” sidebar in Our World on page 368.
Read . Questions: Who invented the printing press, and in what year? How does the printing press work? How might the printing press have encouraged more trade? James Gutenberg invented the printing press. The printing press works by reusing letters to form new words page by page. It encouraged more trade because the books were being created faster and their would be more books for people to buy. The printing press encouraged more trade by advertising goods, like cloth, so that people would be interested in buying those goods.
Voyages of Discovery
Read page 457 in Our World. Questions: What did Prince Henry of Portugal want desperately to find? How, specifically, did he try to accomplish this through education and invention? How, or why, was the caravel an improvement to the older style of ships? Prince Henry of Portugal desperately to find a sea route to the riches of Africa and Asia. The prince tried to accomplish this by building a school where the most skillful sailors mapmmakers, and ship builders to work. The caravel was an improvment to the older style of the ships because it had the bodies of european ships, and three sided sails of Arab boats.
Read Our World page 457. Questions: What did Dias discover? What did da Gama accomplish in 1502? For which country did both explorers “work for”? Dias discovered a sea route from Europe to Asia. Da Gama went to India with warships to take over the rich port cities of portugal. The both of them worked for Europe.
Read Our World page 458. Questions: Which country hired Christopher Columbus? Why did they hire him—to do what? Christopher Columbus was hired by spain. They hired him to sail to Asia. They hired Christopher Columbus because they hoped that the lands he visited were rich in gold.
Read Our World page 458 and 459. Questions: What continent did Vespucci explore? How did his exploration help to expand our knowledge of the world through maps? Vespucci explored the continent of South America. Vespucci wrote about his voyages in his journals and a German mapmaker included Vespucci's two continents on a map in 1507. The mapmaker called the continents America in honor of Vespucci.
Read Our World, page 460. Questions: What did England’s explorers how to find? Why did they want to find this? Which Italian sailor was the first European to sail into New York harbor? Whom did the French hire to give France a trading “foothold” in North America? England's explorers hoped to find a Northwest Passage, a water route to the wealth of Asia. Giovanni de Verranzano was the first European to sail into New York harbor.
According to the section entitled, “The Benefits of Exploration” on pages 460 and 461 of Our World, what was the long-term effect of explorers seeking new sea routes? The long term affect was that it added greatly to the European of he world and as new sea routes, became more closley linked through trade and communication.
`G.E.T. Flights
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Location of Rome? What continent? On what body of water? (Our World)
A manor was a village/ villages where peasants would live. A manor would also probably have a church.
In a manor you would typically find a church, a mill, a castle, and a manor house.
A serfs life was hard and difficult because they grew barely enough food. War and disease were common, and most people died at an early age.
The social class above the serfs was a noble.
. The serfs paid their taxes to their lord
The Advent of Trade and the Growth of Towns
- Read page 352 in Our World. Questions: What were the Crusades, and how did they encourage the end of the Middle Ages’ system of economic survival—the manor system? How did the Crusades put Europeans in contact with different cultures, different ideas, and a variety of trade goods? What did people discover they could make a living by doing, instead?
The crusades were a series of wars to take over the holy land. The end of the middle ages system of economic survival was by people because they realised they could live better by trading and that they could get a lot of trading goods like silks and spices.- Read page 156 in A Little History of the World. Questions: Why would money—as opposed to bartering one type of goods for another—have been essential to the growth of trade during the Renaissance?
Money was essential to the growth of trade during the renaissance because when they started using money they ralized that they would not have to trade oxen for sheep, or drinking horns for cloth because they now had the experience to buy all sorts of goods.- Read page 157 in A Little History of the World. Questions: What is a guild?
How might a guild actually promote the trade of goods? Think “quality.” A guild was an association or group of craftsmen. A guild might promote the trade of goods because all the craftsmen can create a n even bigger guild to attract more and more people.Crafts, Trade, and Banking: The Birth of the Renaissance
- Read the document from the Internet “Florentine Crafts Subject to Tax (1316)” Questions: How many different crafts were subject to a tax? (List as many different categories of jobs. So, for example, bakers and butchers belong to the category of “Food Preparation.” Hat and capmakers and furriers belong to the category of “Clothing and Appearance.” That’s two “families.” What are the others? ) Question: If you were a merchant who made his living by trade, why would Florence have been an important destination for trade? There were 74 crafts that were subject a tax.Food & Preparation
ProfessionsOil, cheese, and grain merchants; chaff and fodder makers.
. Butchers
Cobblers.
Spicers.
Bakers (for bakeovens).
Cooks, sellers of tripe, cooked beans, and bean-meal, vegetables, vermicelli, stews, etc.
Retail wine merchants, as tax, 2 denarii per pound received from the sale of wine.
Clothing & Appearance
Furriers.
Linen and yarn merchants
Purse makers.
Harness and beltmakers.
Saddlers.
Cloth-folders and finishers of French cloth.
Hat and cap makers.
Cloth-folders and finishers of Florentine cloth.
Spiked helmet, buckle, and clasp makers.
Tailors, seamstresses, and menders.
Weavers of all kinds.
Arte della Lana. [wool]
St. Mary's Gate [silk].
Dyers of all kinds.
Old clothes and linen dealers.
Weaponry
Black Smiths.
Stonemasons and woodcutters.
Goldsmiths and flaskmakers.
Fletchers and arrow makers.
Crossbow and bow makers.
Craftsmen
Rough carpenters and manufacturers of saddles for asses and mules.
Manufacturers of pack-saddles.
Dealers in bedfeathers and matress-makers.
Tanners, wholesale and retail.
Chest and trunk makers.
Coopers, barrel makers, coffin makers, kneading-trough makers.
Tallow merchants and catgut makers.
Wagon or carriage makers.
Manufacturers of iron and wooden shields.
Barbers.
Bowlmakers, dart makers, turners, spinning-wheel finishers.
Painters.
Combmakers.
Makers and sellers of glass vessels
Parchment merchants and bookbinders.
Journeymen and apprentices to dealers in merchandise.
Smelters and workers at furnaces, coin makers; as well as those who put the gold and silver in the furnaces; also the assayers in all money operations.
Packers.
Dicemakers.
Manufacturers of glass vessels in the district.
Bell founders.
Wheel makers.
Brokers of all kinds.
Workers in the marble and sandstone quarries.
Basket makers.
Workers in the quarry, and sellers of quarry products.
Armor smiths and sword smiths.
Helmet smiths and brass workers
Physicians
Innkeepers.
Greengrocers.
Hand porters.
Teachers of grammar, arithmetic, reading, and writing.
Money changers or bankers.
Sewer cleaners and garbage removers.
Public weighers.
City river fishermen.
Millstone makers.
Brick and lime burners, and makers of earthen vessels.
Lenders of draught mules.
Judges and notaries.
Town criers.
Dealers in used and new locks.
Ass drivers, haulers of sand, lime, mortar, paving stone, tiles, slates, stones, and hewn stones.
Proprietors of bath rooms.
Calimala.
The Telescope
The Printing Press
- Read the “Exploring Technology” sidebar in Our World on page 368.
Read . Questions: Who invented the printing press, and in what year? How does the printing press work? How might the printing press have encouraged more trade? James Gutenberg invented the printing press. The printing press works by reusing letters to form new words page by page. It encouraged more trade because the books were being created faster and their would be more books for people to buy. The printing press encouraged more trade by advertising goods, like cloth, so that people would be interested in buying those goods.Voyages of Discovery